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G , [ nb 6 ] were highly successful American off-road capable , light military utility vehicles. Well over , were built to a single standardized design, for the United States and the Allied forces in World War II , from until This also made it by its light weight the world's first mass-produced four-wheel-drive car, built in six-figure numbers.
Large numbers of jeeps were provided to U. Historian Charles K. Hyde wrote: "In many respects, the jeep became the iconic vehicle of World War II, with an almost mythological reputation of toughness, durability, and versatility. In addition, improvised field modifications made the jeep capable of just about any other function soldiers could think of.
Dwight D. Eisenhower , the Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe in World War II, wrote in his memoirs that most senior officers regarded it as one of the five pieces of equipment most vital to success in Africa and Europe.
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Its influence, however, was much greater than that—manufacturers around the world began building jeeps and similar designs, either under license or not—at first primarily for military purposes, but later also for the civilian market. Willys turned the MB into the civilian Jeep CJ-2A in , making the world's first mass-produced civilian four-wheel drive. The "Jeep" name was trademarked, and grew into a successful, and highly valued brand.
The success of the jeep inspired both an entire category of recreational 4WDs and SUVs , making "four-wheel drive" a household term, and numerous incarnations of military light utility vehicles. In , the American Enterprise Institute called the jeep "one of the most influential designs in automotive history. By , U. From , German industry could only produce Wehrmacht-approved trucks.
The Legendary MB 1941-1945: A Brief History and Technical
America's military faced a severe catch-up situation, both in time and knowledge. In June , the race was on to produce a lightweight, four-wheel-drive cross-country vehicle for the U. Army, capable of carrying equipment and personnel across rough terrain.
The idea of the jeep originated with the infantry, which needed a low-profile, powerful vehicle with four-wheel drive and it was turned over to commercial companies chiefly Bantam , Willys , and Ford to deliver—the development repeatedly being described as a " design by committee. Hogan of the U. This vehicle is the result of much research and many tests. However, Willys' advertising and branding during and after the war aimed to make the world recognize Willys as the creator of the jeep.
Army officers] and to have been [conceived and] developed by that company.
The Legendary MB 1941-1945: A Brief History and Technical Specifications
Some 70 years later, in a late article, the Defense Acquisition Research Journal [ nb 15 ] still called the jeep design " Moreover, in , the Pennsylvania General Assembly unanimously adopted a non-controversial House Resolution : " However, on 7 April , U. Army , which had applied for it, listing Colonel Byron Q. Jones as the inventor on the patent, though he had performed no work on the design of the vehicle.
The armies of World War I relied on marching men, horses, and railways for movement but its new technologies introduced motor vehicles: the first tanks , armoured car, and artillery tractors. Motorcycles were the most prolific motor-tools in the Allied arsenal. Cavalry , mounted infantry , scouts , and messengers could now be mobilized in combat with much greater speed, agility, and near tireless machines, [ 46 ] exactly what was wanted for relaying critical orders, getting munitions to machine guns, and scouting miles ahead of advancing units.
The quick and nimble motorcycle, "ridden hard through shot and shell to secure victory," has made itself irreplaceable in specific roles on the battlefield to this day. But motorcycles also had serious limitations. One could be fast on a decent road, but many roads were still so bad, that the U.